BASIC TERMINOLOGIES
(PART - 1)
Access
time - The performance of a hard drive or other
storage device - how long it takes to locate a file.
Active
program or window - The application or window at the front (foreground) on the
monitor.
Application
- a program in which you do your work.
or
A computer program that does specific tasks such as word processing or spreadsheets.
Bit - Represents a binary digit which is the amount of information obtained by asking a 'Yes' or 'No'
question.This is also the smallest unit of information stored on a computer as a 0 or 1 .
Blinking Cursor - This is a vertical blinking bar that locates the position on the screen where text can be inserted or deleted . This appears most frequently in text or dialog boxes.
or
I Beam – As the cursor moves over text, the pointer will change
into an ‘I.’ This facilitates word processing and copying text. See Blinking Cursor.
I or │
Byte – Data is stored on a computer in Bytes. A byte is one
character, which may be a number or letter. A byte is composed of 8 consecutive
bits.
• 1,000 bytes = 1
kilobyte (K or KB)
• 1,000 KB = 1
megabyte (MB)
• 1,000 MB = 1
gigabyte (GB)
• 1,000 GB = 1
Terabyte (TB)
Backup - a copy of
a file or disk you make for archiving purposes.
Boot - to start up
a computer.
Bug - a programming
error that causes a program to behave in an unexpected way.
Byte - a piece of
computer information made up of eight bits.
Cache - This is a
type of memory and is similar to RAM. Cache is used by the computer to move
data between the RAM and CPU.
Clock Rate (MHz) - The
instruction processing speed of a computer
measured in millions of cycles per second (i.e., 200 MHz).
Compression - a technique
that reduces the size of a saved file by elimination or encoding redundancies (i.e., JPEG, MPEG,
LZW, etc.)
Control panel - a program
that allows you to change settings
in a program or change the way a Mac
looks and/or behaves.
Crash - a system malfunction
in which the computer stops working and has
to be restarted.
Cursor - The pointer,
usually arrow or cross shaped, which is controlled
by the mouse.
Daisy chaining - the
act of stringing devices together in a series (such as SCSI). Database - an electronic
list of information that can be sorted and/or searched. Data - (the plural of datum)
information processed by a computer.
Defragment - (also - optimise)
to concatenate fragments
of data into contiguous blocks in memory or on a hard drive.
Dialog box - an on-screen
message box that appears when the computer requires additional information before
completing a command.
Digitise - to
convert linear, or analogue, data into digital data that can be used by the
computer.
Disk - a spinning
platter made of magnetic or optically etched
material on which data can be stored.
Disk drive - the machinery
that writes the data from a
disk and/or writes
data to a disk.
Disk window - the window
that displays the contents or directory of a disk. Document - a file you create,
as opposed to the application which created it. DOS - acronym for Disk Operating
System - used in IBM PCs.
DPI - acronym for Dots Per Inch - a gauge of visual clarity on the printed page
or on the computer screen.
Download - to transfer
data from one computer
to another. (If you
are on the receiving end, you are downloading. If you
are on the sending end,
you are uploading).
ASCII (pronounced ask-key
) - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. a commonly used data format
for exchanging information
between computers or programs.
Drag - to move the
mouse while its button is being depressed.
Driver - a file on
a computer that tells it how to communicate with an add-on piece of equipment
(like a printer).
Ethernet - a protocol
for fast communication and file transfer across a network. Expansion slot - a connector
inside the computer that allows one to plug in a printed circuit board that provides new or enhanced features.
File - the generic word
for an application, document, control
panel or other computer data.
Floppy -
a 3.5-inch square rigid disk which
holds data. (so named for the earlier 5.25
and 8 inch disks that were flexible).
Folder - an
electronic subdirectory that contains files.
Font - a typeface that
contains the characters of an alphabet or some other letterforms. Fragmentation
- The breaking up of a file into
many separate locations
in memory or on a disk.
Freeze - a system
error, which causes the cursor to lock in place.
Gig - a gigabyte =
1024 megabytes.
Hard drive - a large
capacity storage device made of multiple
disks housed in a rigid case.
 |
| FLOPPY |
Head crash - a hard
disk crash caused by the heads coming
in contact with the spinning disk(s).
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